Abstract：This study aims to explore the gender differences in early immunity of male and female mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Male and female mice were infected with T. spiralis in different doses for 7 days. Then the gender difference in the early immunity between male and female which of infected with T. spiralis was evaluated by following indexes: the organ index and the composition of white blood cells, the spleen and thymus tissues with HE staining analysis, the levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in serum with ELISA, and the proportion of immuno-regulatory T-cells in spleen cells with flow cytometry. Compared with female mice, the thymus index of male mice significantly increased (t=4.595, P<0.05), then the proportion of lymphocytes obviously decreased and the proportion of monocytes and granulocytes obviously increased (t=2.604, P<0.05). The changes of thymus tissue were not observable while the spleen tissues changed obviously, and immuno-regulatory T-cells increased (F=5.664,P>0.05). The difference of serum cytokine levels in male and female was observed as well. Comparing with the normal group, the levels of IL-2 increased in female mice group but decreased in male mice group (P<0.05). The levels of IL-4 and IL-10 increased in general (F=10.461,P<0.05;F=1.170,P>0.05), and the levels of male group increased higher than female group. This study indicated that the early immunity of male mice was stronger than that of female after infected with T. spiralis.
王敏, 罗晓磊, 沈磊, 宁晓, 肖朝江, 姜北. 感染旋毛虫小鼠免疫能力的性别差异研究[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2020, 36(1): 1-6.
WANG Min, LUO Xiao-lei, SHEN Lei, NING Xiao, XIAO Chao-jiang, JIANG Bei. Gender differences in immunity of the mice infected with Trichinella spiralis. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 2020, 36(1): 1-6.
[1] Gottstein B, Pozio E, Nöckler K.Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and control of trichinellosis[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2009, 22(1): 127-145. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00026-08 [2] Cui J, Wang ZQ.An epidemiological overview of swine trichinellosis in China[J]. Vet J, 2011, 190(3): 323-328. DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.12.025 [3] Hao YW, Zhao X, Yang J, et al.Monoclonal antibody targeting complement C9 binding domain of Trichinella spiralis paramyosin impairs the viability of Trichinella infective larvae in the presence of complement[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2014, 7(1): 313. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-313 [4] Long SR, Wang ZQ, Liu RD, et al.Molecular identification of Trichinella spiralis nudix hydrolase and its induced protective immunity against trichinellosis in BALB/c mice[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2014, 7(1): 600. DOI: 10.1186/s13071-014-0600-9 [5] Wang L, Cui J, Hu DD, et al.Identification of early diagnostic antigens from major excretory-secretory proteins of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae using immunoproteomics[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2014, 7(1): 40. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-7-40 [6] Gómez-Morales MA, Ludovisi A, Amati M, et al.Validation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of human trichinellosis[J]. Clin Vaccine Immunol, 2008,15(11),1723-1729. DOI: 10.1128/CVI.00257-08 [7] Bruschi F, Chiumiento L.Trichinella inflammatory myopathy: host or parasite strategy[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2011, 4(1): 42. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-42 [8] Zhang YL, Wang ZQ, Li LG, et al.Molecular characterization of Trichinella spiralis aminopeptidase and its potential as a novel vaccine candidate antigen against trichinellosis in BALB/c mice[J]. Parasit Vectors, 2013, 6(1): 246. DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-246 [9] Cousineau SV, Alizon S.Parasite evolution in response to sex-based host heterogeneity in resistance and tolerance[J]. J Evol Biol, 2014, 27(12): 2753-2766. DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12541 [10] Poulin R.Sexual inequalities in helminth infections: a cost of being a male[J]. Am Nat, 1996, 147(2): 287-295. DOI: 10.1086/285851 [11] Roberts CW, Walker W, Alexander J.Sex-associated hormones and immunity to protozoan parasites[J]. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2001, 14(3): 476-488. DOI: 10.1128/CMR.14.3.476-488.2001 [12] Klein SL, Nelson RJ.Social interactions unmask sex differences in humoral immunity in voles[J]. Anim Behav, 1999, 57(3): 603-610. DOI: 10.1006/anbe.1998.1038 [13] Reddington JJ, Stewart GL, Kramar GW, et al.The effects of host sex and hormones on Trichinella spiralis in the mouse[J]. J Parasitol, 1981, 67(4): 548-555. DOI: 10.2307/3280489 [14] Klein SL, Gamble HR, Nelson RJ.Role of steroid hormones in Trichinella spiralis infection among voles[J]. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 1999, 277(5): R1362-R1367. DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.1999.277.5.R1362 [15] Zuk M, Mckean KA.Sex differences in parasite infections: patterns and processes[J]. Int J Parasitol, 1996, 26(10): 1009-1024. DOI: 10.1016/S0020-7519(96)80001-4 [16] Hernández-Bello R, Ramirez-Nieto R, Muñiz-Hernández S, et al.Sex steroids effects on the molting process of the helminth human parasite Trichinella spiralis[J]. J Biomed Biotechnol, 2011, 1-10. DOI: 10.1155/2011/625380 [17] Nava-Castro KE, Solleiro-Villavicencio H, Río-Araiza VHD, et al.Sex-associated protective effect of early bisphenol-A exposure during enteric infection with Trichinella spiralis in mice[J]. Plos One, 2019, 14(7): e0218198. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218198 [18] Taylor MD, Nienke VDW, Maizels RM.T cells in helminth infection: the regulators and the regulated[J]. Trends Immunol, 2012, 33(4): 181-189. DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2012.01.001 [19] Bruschi F, Chiumiento L.Immunomodulation in trichinellosis: does Trichinella really escape the host immune system[J]. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets, 2012, 12(1): 4-15. DOI: 10.2174/187153012799279081 [20] Xu JY, Yu PC, Wu LJ, et al.Effect of Trichinella spiralis intervention on TNBS-induced experimental colitis in mice[J]. Immunobiology, 2019, 224: 147-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2018.09.005 [21] Moon E-K, Lee S-H, Soh Y, et al.Correlates of immune response in Trichinella spiralis infection[J]. Immunol Invest, 2018, 47(6): 605-614. DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2018.1470189 [22] Kidd P. Th1/Th2 Balance: The hypothesis, its limitations,implications for health and disease [J]. Altern Med Rev, 2003, 8(3): 223-246. PMID: 12946237 [23] Ortega-Pierres G, Vaquero-Vera A, Fonseca-Linan R, et al.Induction of protection in murine experimental models against Trichinella spiralis: an up-to-date review[J]. J Helminthol, 2015, 89(05): 526-539. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X15000140 [24] Huang L, Gebreselassie NG, Gagliardo LF, et al.Eosinophil-derived IL-10 supports chronic nematode infection[J]. J Immunol, 2014, 193(8): 4178-4187. DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1400852 [25] Finkelman FD, Shea-Donohue T, Morris SC, et al.Interleukin-4- and interleukin-13-mediated host protection against intestinal nematode parasites[J]. Immunol Rev, 2004, 201(1): 139-155. DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2004.00192.x [26] Ahn JB, Kang SA, Kim DH, et al.Activation and recruitment of regulatory T cells via chemokine receptor activation in Trichinella spiralis-infected mice[J]. Korean J Parasitol, 2016, 54(2): 163-171. DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.2.163 [27] Franssen FFJ, Fonville M, Takumi K, et al.Antibody response against Trichinella spiralis in experimentally infected rats is dose dependent[J]. Vet Res, 2011, 42(1): 113. DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-42-113 [28] Bell RG.The generation and expression of immunity to Trichinella spiralis in laboratory rodents[J]. Adv Parasitol, 1998, 149-217. DOI: 10.1016/s0065-308x(08)60424-8
2020, Vol. 36 
