Abstract:In order to find out a simple method to detect the presence of chlamydia in urethral cell smear,the present study was undertaken,in which 30 samples of direct smears of the deep urethral mucosa cells were made and stained with modified Gram's staining.Each sample was both stained with modified Gram's stain(time for decoloration was shorten within 10 s) and the Giemsa stain used for exanining the cellular chlamydia.It was found that the correlation coefficient(r) between the percentages of cells containing the suspected initial body particles and speckles in both methods of staining was 0.98.The in situ comparison of these two methods was made for cell smears of some samples,in which,when the particles and speckles demonstrated by modified Gram'stain were decolored and then re-stained with Giemsa stain,the staining features of chlamydial(initial) bodies and inclusion bodies appeared in the cell smears.Through checking with many commonly used method of detecting chlamydia in cell smear,we proposed that these particles and speckles were really the initial bodies and inclusion bodies developed in cells at different stages of life cycle.It is evident this simple and rapid method can be used in the basic units to replace the immunofluorescence assay for diagnosis of non-gonococcal urethritis.