Abstract:In order to know the difference for Schistosoma japonicum(S.j) infection with different animal hosts, including natural hosts and experimental animal hosts, by worm development, worm morphology and host’s histopathology. We artificially infected six animal hosts(yellow cattle, water buffalo, goat, New-Zealand rabbit, BALB/c mice and Wistar rat ) with the same source of S.j cercariae. The parasites were perfused through the hepatic portal vein after infection for 49d. The male and female worms were detached manually, counted, and the length and width of the worms were measured by the same person. The results showed that the worm recovery in permissive hosts were higher than that in non-permissive hosts, and the length of the worms from permissive hosts were greater than those from non-permissive hosts. Only in Wistar rat, the parasites could not develop into maturation, parasites in other hosts all could mature, paring and lay eggs, causing liver damage in their hosts. The livers from permissive hosts were filled with many white egg nodules, composed of many egg-granulomas, while the livers from water buffalo were red with few or no egg nodules, while the livers from Wistar rat had no damage at all. The histological sections from livers of infected natural hosts, showed that in yellow cattle and goat, some hepatocytes displayed mild swelling, a large number of inflammatory cells were seen to be infiltrating and aggregating, including eosinophils and lymphocytes, and typical striped eosinophilic deposits were seen;Compared with the yellow cattle and goat, the structural integrity of the hepatic lobules was intact in the livers of infected water buffalo, there was actinomorphous distribution of hepatic cord centered on central veins, polygonal hepatocytes, no edema, no inflammatory cell infiltrated, and only scattered neutrophils and monocytes. This study provide reference data for laboratory and field studies, and understanding the relationship between S.j with different animal hosts.