Abstract:We studied the effect of kojic acid on macrophage against Talaromyces marneffei in vitro. T.marneffei was cultured with or without the presence of different concentrations (50, 100, 200 μg/mL) of KA for 1 hour followed by the incubation with macrophage for different durations. After additional culture for 2 hours, the phagocytic index was calculated under an inverted microscope, and we also inspected the ultrastructure by transmission electron microscopy 72 hours after culture. Then we measured H2O2 and NO2- in the supernatant respectively. Results indicated that fluorescence microscope in KA-treated macrophages was greater phagocytic activity towards yeast. There was significant difference between KA-treated group (200 μg/mL) and untreated group (F=230.865,P<0.01). The concentrations of the H2O2 were increasing, but not nitric oxide in the supernatant fluid. These results indicate that kojic acid has an important role as macrophage activator against T. marneffei.
何晓玥, 刘栋华, 周燕华. 曲酸对巨噬细胞吞噬马尔尼菲蓝状菌的影响[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报, 2018, 34(7): 599-602.
HE Xiao-yue, LIU Dong-hua, ZHOU Yan-hua. Effect of kojic acid on phagocytosis of macrophage cells against Talaromyces marneffei in vitro. Chinese Journal of Zoonoses, 2018, 34(7): 599-602.
[1] Cao C, Liang L,Wang W,et al.Common reservoirs for Penicillium marneffei infection in humans and rodents, China[J]. Emerg Infect Dis,2011,17(2):209-214. [2] Qiu Y, Zhang J, Liu G, et al.A case of Penicillium marneffei infection involving the main tracheal structure[J]. BMC Infect Dis,2014,14(5):242. [3] Wang YF, Xu HF, Han ZG, et al.Serological surveillance for Penicillium marneffei infection in HIV-infected patients during 2004-2011 in Guangzhou, China[J]. Clin Microbiol Infect,2015,21(5):484-489. [4] Hu Y,Zhang J, Li X, et al.Penicillium marneffei infection: an emerging disease in mainland China[J]. Mycopathologia,2013,175(1/2):57-67. [5] Norredam M, Porskrog A, Ocias LF, et al.Talaromyces marneffei fungaemia in a patient from Thailand with newly diagnosed HIV[J]. Ugeskr Laeger,2017,179 (8):pii: V07160525. [6] Bulterys PL, Le T, Quang VM, et al.Environmental predictors and incubation period of AIDS-associated Penicillium marneffei infection in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam[J]. Clin Infect Dis,2013,56(9):1273-1279. [7] Erwig LP, Gow NA, Interactions of fungal pathogens with phagocytes[J]. Nat Rev Microbiol, 2016,14(3):163-176. [8] Goldmann O, Medina E, The expanding world of extracellular traps: not only neutrophils but much more[J]. Front Immunol,2012,3(7):420. [9] Kharchenko SM, The biosynthesis of kojic acid by Aspergillus flavus link strains isolated from feed[J]. Mikrobiol Z, 1999,61(4):15-21. [10] Nohynek GJ, Kirkland D, Marzin D, et al.An assessment of the genotoxicity and human health risk of topical use of kojic acid [5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4H-pyran-4-one][J].Food Chem Toxicol,2004,42(1):93-105. [11] Gomes AJ, Lunardi CN, Gonzalez S, et al.The antioxidant action of Polypodium leucotomos extract and kojic acid: reactions with reactive oxygen species[J]. Braz J Med Biol Res,2001,34(11):1487-1494. [12] Yoo DS, Lee J, Choi SS, et al., A modulatory effect of novel kojic acid derivatives on cancer cell proliferation and macrophage activation[J]. Pharmazie,2010,65(4):261-266. [13] Emami S, Hosseinimehr SJ, Taghdisi SM, et al., Kojic acid and its manganese and zinc complexes as potential radioprotective agents[J]. Bioorg Med Chem Lett,2007,17(1):45-48. [14] Kim JH,Chang PK,Chan KL, et al.Enhancement of commercial antifungal agents by Kojic Acid[J]. Int J Mol Sci,2012,13(11):13867-13880. [15] Kim JH, Chan KL, Augmenting the antifungal activity of an oxidizing agent with kojic Acid: control of penicillium strains infecting crops[J]. Molecules, 2014,19(11):18448-18464. [16] Rodrigues AP, Carvalho AS, Santos AS, et al.Kojic acid, a secondary metabolite from Aspergillus sp., acts as an inducer of macrophage activation[J]. Cell Biol Int, 2011. 35(4): p. 335-343. [17] Da Costa JP, Rodrigues APD, Farias LHS, et al., Biological effects of kojic acid on human monocytes in vitro[J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2018,101(5):100-106. [18] Dai X, Mao C, Lan X, et al., Acute Penicillium marneffei infection stimulates host M1/M2a macrophages polarization in BALB/C mice[J]. BMC Microbiol,2017,17(1):177. [19] Liu D,Wei L,Guo T, et al.Detection of DOPA-melanin in the dimorphic fungal pathogen Penicillium marneffei and its effect on macrophage phagocytosis in vitro[J]. PLoS one,2014,9(3):e92610. [20] 谭伟芬, 梁伶, 刘栋华, 等.巨噬细胞吞噬黑素化与非黑素化马尔尼菲青霉的电镜观察[J]. 中国人兽共患病学报,2013,29(6):575-578,586.DOI:10.3969/cjz.j.issn.1002-2694.2013.06.011 [21] Kaufmann SH,Dorhoi A, Molecular determinants in phagocyte-bacteria interactions[J]. Immunity,2016,44(3):476-491. [22] Patel B,Kumar P,Banerjee R, et al.Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuates Aeromonas hydrophila induced cytotoxicity in catla thymus macrophages by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation[J]. Mol Immunol,2016,75(7l):69-83. [23] Miramon P, Dunker C,Windecker H, et al.Cellular responses of Candida albicans to phagocytosis and the extracellular activities of neutrophils are critical to counteract carbohydrate starvation, oxidative and nitrosative stress[J]. PLoS one,2012,7(12):e52850. [24] Koskenkorva-Frank TS,Weiss G,Koppenol WH, et al.The complex interplay of iron metabolism, reactive oxygen species, and reactive nitrogen species: insights into the potential of various iron therapies to induce oxidative and nitrosative stress[J]. Free Radic Biol Med,2013,65(12):1174-1194. [25] Manda-Handzlik A,Demkow U.Neutrophils: the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in health and disease[J]. Adv Exp Med Biol,2015,857::51-60. [26] Jyoti A, Singh AK, Dubey M, et al.Interaction of inducible nitric oxide synthase with rac2 regulates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species generation in the human neutrophil phagosomes: implication in microbial killing[J]. Antioxid Redox Signal,2014,20(3):417-431. [27] Niwa Y, Akamatsu H.Kojic acid scavenges free radicals while potentiating leukocyte functions including free radical generation[J]. Inflammation, 1991, 15(4):303-315. [28] Boyce KJ, McLauchlan A, Schreider L, et al. Intracellular growth is dependent on tyrosine catabolism in the dimorphic fungal pathogen Penicillium marneffei[J]. PLoS Pathog,2015,11(3):e1004790. [29] Sharma KV,Davids LM, Depigmentation in melanomas increases the efficacy of hypericin-mediated photodynamic-induced cell death[J]. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther,2012,9(2):156-163.