1. School of Modern Agriculture and Biotechnology, Ankang University, Ankang 725000, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou 730046, China
Abstract:Poxviruses are widespread pathogens, which display extremely different host ranges. Some poxviruses, including Variola virus, Molluscum contagiosum virus and Swinepox virus display narrow host ranges, whereas others such as Cowpox viruses, Vaccinia virus and Orf virus naturally infect a wide range of mammals. The molecular basis for differences in host range are poorly understood but apparently depend on the successful manipulation of the host antiviral response. Some poxvirus proteins encoded by genes have been shown to confer host tropism in experimental settings and are thus called host range factors. A number of host range factors have been identified that determine the host range and contribute to the virulence in various poxviruses. Herein, numerous host range factors and their functions were reviewed, which help deepen our knowledge and understanding of molecular evolution and differences of host range in major members of Chordopoxvirinae.
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