Research progress regarding the P2X7 receptor in intracellular pathogen infection
HE Zhang-ping, CHEN Lie-song, WU Yi-mou
1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; 2. College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality and Safety of the Ministry of Education, Changchun 130118, China; 4. Jilin Province Sika Deer High-efficiency Breeding and Product Development Technology Engineering Research Center, Changchun 130118, China
Abstract：The P2X7 receptor is a non-selective cationic channel receptor activated by ATP. It is widely distributed in the human body and participates in the regulation of various physiological processes. When bacteria, viruses, or parasites attack the immune system, ATP is released from host cells during infection and acts as a danger signal in the extracellular space by activating the P2X7 receptor, which is involved in the immune response and inflammation. Its functions include the production of reactive oxygen, phagolysosomal fusion, release of cytokines and chemokines, and participation in mediating the formation of NLRP3 inflammasomes and the maturation and release of IL-1β. Based on the recent successful construction of animal models of targeted knockout of the P2X7 receptor gene and the development of specific P2X7 receptor antagonists, this receptor is expected to become a potential target for the treatment of intracellular pathogen infection. This review will focus on the characteristics and distribution of the P2X7 receptor, as well as the progress made in research on the P2X7 receptor in bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, hoping to provide a new insight into the potential of this receptor as a therapeutic target for infectious diseases.
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2021, Vol. 37 
