目的 评估新疆家畜布鲁氏菌病的防制效果,为该病的综合防控提供有效参考依据。方法 通过现场开展对不同养殖方式状态下的问卷调查,了解饲养、引种、防疫等情况,同时采集血清和流产胎儿等样本带回实验室开展布病血清学和病原学检测。结果 养殖方式、养殖密度、流动状况与布鲁氏菌病感染有直接关系,其中牛羊规模场感染阳性率明显高于牛羊散养户,牛羊场群感染率规模场高于散养户,羊布鲁氏菌病平均感染率高于牛布鲁氏菌病平均感染率。细菌学和PCR方法共检出羊种布鲁氏菌19株。结论 新疆部分地区牛羊等畜群间羊种布鲁氏菌病呈不同程度流行态势,该疫情在被监测区域可能已成为地方性流行病种, 该疫情在可控范围内,对布病易感畜未进行布病疫苗免疫接种及未开展系统的检疫净化是易感家畜暴露风险的主要风险因素。

To assess the effectiveness of livestock brucellosis control in Xinjiang, so as to provide evidence for the integrated control of livestock brucellosis.A field questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the breeding, introduction of stud stock and epidemic situation at various cattle and sheep breeding types, and the serum and aborted fetus samples were collected from cattle and sheep for serological and pathogenic detections of brucellosis. The development of brucellosis was directly correlated with the breeding types, breeding density and migration of cattle and sheep. The prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher in cattle and sheep in the intensive farms than in free-ranging cattle and sheep, and the mean prevalence of brucellosis was higher in sheep than in cattle. A total of 19 strains of Brucella melitensis were detected by bacteriological examinations and PCR assays. The results of this survey demonstrate that B. melitensis is prevalent in cattle and sheep in some areas of Xinjiang, and brucellosis may become an endemic disease in the surveillance sites, with controllable epidemic situation. Non-vaccination of susceptible livestock and absence of systematic quarantine and purification are major risk factors of brucellosis in susceptible livestock.